AZERBAIJAN is situated in the Caucasus, and is bordered by the Russian Federation, Georgia, Iran, and Armenia (which divides the small Southwest corner from the main part of the country), and has the Caspian Sea to the East.

The capital, Baku, is a medieval walled city, with narrow streets spreading up from the waterfront, and a 12th century tower giving magnificent views over the bay. It boasts tea-houses, inns, Mosques, a 15th century royal court complex, and the Palace of the Shirvan Shahs.

70km (43miles) South of the capital is the village of Kobustan, where can be found unique rock paintings, some of them 10,000 years old, spread over an area of 100 sq km (39 sq miles) of caves and outcrops.

The ancient city of Shamakha 130 km (80 miles) West of Baku has a 10th century Mosque and a ruined fortress.

Shekhi ,380km (236 miles) West of Baku, may be one of the oldest settlements in the Caucasus, dating back 2,500 years.

The climate is warm, but temperatures can be lower in the mountains and valleys. Low rainfall, mainly in the West.